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码云初识

本文仅讨论一些码云和 git 的初级用法,仅供初学者参考。

码云官网:https://gitee.com/

码云注册

点击右上角“注册”按钮,开始注册一个码云账号,建议使用邮箱注册账号。

新建一个库,“是否开源”处选择“公开”

将默认勾选的“使用 Readme 文件初始化这个仓库”前面的复选框取消勾选

在 git 官网 https://git-scm.com/ 下载 git,安装到电脑上。

码云的日常使用

第一步,在想要进行版本控制的文件夹中点击右键,点击“Git Bash Here”,在 git 窗口中输入 git init,然后按下 回车 键。git 初始化将自动运行。

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Sure@LAPTOP-ISFBFO7G MINGW64 ~/Desktop/try
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/Sure/Desktop/try/.git/

初始化操作会在当前文件夹中新建一个 .git 文件夹,里面装的是 git 的配置文件。

第二步,输入 git add .,按下 回车 键,匹配此文件夹下的所有增删改信息。其中,可以把 . 替换为特定的文件,对指定文件的更改信息进行更新。

第三步,输入 git commit -m "first attempt",提交本次增删改,并在 -m 后给提交以备注信息。

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Sure@LAPTOP-ISFBFO7G MINGW64 ~/Desktop/try (master)
$ git commit -m "first attempt"
[master (root-commit) 3e41efc] first attempt
45 files changed, 609 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 d2/media/Git_01.png
create mode 100644 d2/media/Git_02.png
create mode 100644 da/Markdown Reference.md
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_01.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_02.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_03.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_04.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_05.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_06.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_07.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_08.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_09.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_10.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_11.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_12.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_13.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_14.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_15.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_16.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_17.png
create mode 100644 da/media/pc_setup_18.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_01.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_02.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_03.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_04.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_05.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_06.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_07.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_08.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_09.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_10.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_11.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_12.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_13.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_14.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_15.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_16.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_17.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_18.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_19.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_20.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_21.png
create mode 100644 da/media/py_setup_22.png
create mode 100644 da/test.py
create mode 100644 "da/\351\242\204\347\247\221day01_\347\254\224\350\256\260.md"

第四步,输入 git remote add origin https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021.git,将本地文件夹和码云的仓库建立连接,绑定新的本地仓库至远程仓库。其中,https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021.git 是码云仓库的地址。

第五步,输入 git push origin master,把修改推送至云端仓库。

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Sure@LAPTOP-ISFBFO7G MINGW64 ~/Desktop/try (master)
$ git push origin master
To https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021.git
! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

因为云端仓库有内容,需要先把云端的内容拉到本地,才能把本地的修改推至云端。

第六步,输入 git pull origin master,因为发现推送失败,需要解决冲突,先把代码拉下来 。

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Sure@LAPTOP-ISFBFO7G MINGW64 ~/Desktop/try (master)
$ git pull origin master
warning: no common commits
remote: Enumerating objects: 113, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (113/113), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (107/107), done.
remote: Total 113 (delta 23), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (113/113), 5.64 MiB | 1.83 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (23/23), done.
From https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021
* branch master -> FETCH_HEAD
* [new branch] master -> origin/master
fatal: refusing to merge unrelated histories

还是没有成功。失败的原因是不能融合没有关联的历史修改。

第七步,输入 git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories,用更高级的代码,允许无关联的历史修改进行融合,把代码拉下来。

弹出的是 Vim 打开的空白文件,输入 :,然后输入 wq,按下 回车 键退出编辑即可。

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Sure@LAPTOP-ISFBFO7G MINGW64 ~/Desktop/try (master)
$ git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories
From https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021
* branch master -> FETCH_HEAD
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
.idea/PyProject.iml | 11 +
.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml | 6 +
.idea/misc.xml | 7 +
.idea/modules.xml | 8 +
.idea/vcs.xml | 6 +
.idea/workspace.xml | 98 +++++
day01/Markdown Reference.md | 406 +++++++++++++++++++++
day01/gh-md-toc.exe | Bin 0 -> 6391808 bytes
day01/gh.exe | Bin 0 -> 6400000 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_01.png | Bin 0 -> 69626 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_02.png | Bin 0 -> 67690 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_03.png | Bin 0 -> 46178 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_04.png | Bin 0 -> 34293 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_05.png | Bin 0 -> 33099 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_06.png | Bin 0 -> 33854 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_07.png | Bin 0 -> 38762 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_08.png | Bin 0 -> 14240 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_09.png | Bin 0 -> 216577 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_10.png | Bin 0 -> 43529 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_11.png | Bin 0 -> 51163 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_12.png | Bin 0 -> 75482 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_13.png | Bin 0 -> 38615 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_14.png | Bin 0 -> 76688 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_15.png | Bin 0 -> 139743 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_16.png | Bin 0 -> 9092 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_17.png | Bin 0 -> 120995 bytes
day01/media/pc_setup_18.png | Bin 0 -> 86085 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_01.png | Bin 0 -> 209410 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_02.png | Bin 0 -> 199153 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_03.png | Bin 0 -> 212513 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_04.png | Bin 0 -> 178987 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_05.png | Bin 0 -> 19117 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_06.png | Bin 0 -> 35736 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_07.png | Bin 0 -> 38355 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_08.png | Bin 0 -> 4303 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_09.png | Bin 0 -> 18328 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_10.png | Bin 0 -> 6736 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_11.png | Bin 0 -> 54323 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_12.png | Bin 0 -> 44906 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_13.png | Bin 0 -> 58768 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_14.png | Bin 0 -> 100797 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_15.png | Bin 0 -> 38831 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_16.png | Bin 0 -> 56690 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_17.png | Bin 0 -> 58158 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_18.png | Bin 0 -> 59996 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_19.png | Bin 0 -> 36564 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_20.png | Bin 0 -> 194578 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_21.png | Bin 0 -> 183047 bytes
day01/media/py_setup_22.png | Bin 0 -> 67268 bytes
day01/test.py | 1 +
...4\347\247\221day01_\347\254\224\350\256\260.md" | 204 +++++++++++
day02/media/Git_01.png | Bin 0 -> 94007 bytes
day02/media/Git_02.png | Bin 0 -> 407678 bytes
53 files changed, 747 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 .idea/PyProject.iml
create mode 100644 .idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
create mode 100644 .idea/misc.xml
create mode 100644 .idea/modules.xml
create mode 100644 .idea/vcs.xml
create mode 100644 .idea/workspace.xml
create mode 100644 day01/Markdown Reference.md
create mode 100644 day01/gh-md-toc.exe
create mode 100644 day01/gh.exe
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_01.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_02.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_03.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_04.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_05.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_06.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_07.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_08.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_09.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_10.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_11.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_12.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_13.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_14.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_15.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_16.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_17.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/pc_setup_18.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_01.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_02.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_03.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_04.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_05.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_06.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_07.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_08.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_09.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_10.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_11.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_12.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_13.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_14.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_15.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_16.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_17.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_18.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_19.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_20.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_21.png
create mode 100644 day01/media/py_setup_22.png
create mode 100644 day01/test.py
create mode 100644 "day01/\351\242\204\347\247\221day01_\347\254\224\350\256\260.md"
create mode 100644 day02/media/Git_01.png
create mode 100644 day02/media/Git_02.png

第八步,重复第五步,输入 git push origin master,代码成功上传至云端。

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Sure@LAPTOP-ISFBFO7G MINGW64 ~/Desktop/try (master)
$ git push origin master
Enumerating objects: 8, done.
Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (7/7), done.
Writing objects: 100% (7/7), 10.03 KiB | 3.34 MiB/s, done.
Total 7 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Powered By Gitee.com
To https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021.git
91e455d..24b44b2 master -> master

其中,第一部和第四步仅在第一次配置的时候需要用到,第六步和第七步是因为第五步出错才采取的应对步骤,第八步与第五步是完全相同的操作。在平时日常使用中,主要使用第二步、第三步和第五步这三个步骤。

git 基本操作总结

  1. git init,初始化
  2. git add .,将代码的增删改拍快照
  3. git commit -m 'note',将代码变更提交
  4. git remote add origin https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021.git,将本地仓库与码云仓库建立连接。其中,https://gitee.com/oldboy-python-full-stack-26/19083026021.git 是码云仓库的地址
  5. git pull origin master,将码云的更改内容应用到本地仓库
  6. git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories,允许合并无关联的历史变更
  7. git push origin master,将本地的代码变更应用到码云仓库